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Vergina Sun
The Vergina Sun (also known as the Star of Vergina, Macedonian Star, or Argead Star) is a rayed solar symbol appearing in ancient Greek art from the 6th to 2nd centuries BC. It came to prominence following archaeological excavations in and around the small town of Vergina, in northern Greece, during the late 1970s. There it was depicted on a golden larnax found in a 4th-century BC royal tomb belonging to either Philip II or Philip III of Macedon, the father and half-brother of Alexander the Great, respectively.
==Overview==
The Vergina Sun appears in art variously with sixteen, twelve, or eight triangular rays. Its significance is unclear. When archaeologist Manolis Andronikos found the symbol on the coffin (larnax) believed to belong to Philip II of Macedon, father of Alexander the Great, he repeatedly referred to the embossed symbol the "emblem of the Macedonian dynasty", but many other archaeologists disagree. Opinions are split over whether it was used as a royal symbol by Philip's Argead dynasty, a religious symbol representing the Twelve Olympian gods, or simply a decorative design.
Eugene Borza points out that it was widely used in ancient Macedonian art.〔W. Lindsay Adams and Eugene N. Borza, eds. ''Philip II, Alexander the Great and the Macedonian Heritage'', p. 82. University Press of America, 1982〕〔(Macedonian miniature shield )〕 John Paul Adams cites its long-established use as a decorative element in ancient Greek art and concludes that it cannot definitively be said that it was either a "royal" or "national" symbol of the Macedonian kingdom.〔Adams, J.P. The ''Larnakes'' from Tomb II at Vergina. ''Archaeological News''. 12:1-7〕
Sixteen and eight-pointed suns often appeared on Macedonian and other Hellenistic coins and shields of that period. However, the symbol is attested in Greek art long before that period: hoplites were depicted bearing identical sixteen-pointed and similar eight-pointed symbols on their shields and armor as early as the 6th century BC,〔(Greek Shield Patterns: ca. 590 BC - 540 BC )〕〔(Greek Shield Patterns: ca. 540 BC - 500 BC )〕〔(Greek Shield Patterns: ca. 475 BC - 430 BC )〕〔(Greek Shield Patterns: ca. 430 BC- 400 BC )〕〔(Greek Shield Patterns: ca. 400 BC - 350 BC )〕〔(Greek Shield Patterns: post 350 BC )〕 and coins from island and mainland Greece bore eight or sixteen-pointed sun symbols (Corfu, 5th century BC). Locris, 4th century BC
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